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Chamberlin Plays a Part in Sooner Tradition at University of Oklahoma's Memorial Stadium

Monica Keels — Fri, 30 Jul 2010 19:00:00 GMT

In hard hats rather than football helmets, Chamberlin’s team entered the University of Oklahoma’s Memorial Stadium in the summer of 2002 with a tight-time table and a huge task at hand. Chamberlin was one of the first contractors on the job and was part of the team of many who tackled the $65 million stadium project that entailed renovating all facility structures and amenities, replacing current seating and adding new seating- including 2,200 club seats and 27 sky suites – to bring seating capacity to more than 80,0000.

Chamberlin’s $1.3 million charge was the remedial restoration portion of the project and included cleaning the existing bowl, applying a new deck coating to 500,000 sq. ft., concrete repair and replacement of 3,500 lineal feet of expansion joints.

“Our remedial work was done within a new construction project,” explained David Neal, Chamberlin’s Dallas-based Vice President of Operations, “We were literally working on the inside of the existing stadium and new construction was being conducted around us. The situation required a lot of coordination among all those on site.”

Chamberlin worked closely with Flintco. Inc., the project’s general contractor, and others to ensure time-tables were met and construction processes didn’t conflict. Chamberlin has enjoyed a relationship with Flintco on other projects including the Sam Noble Museum project, also on campus at OU. In fact, Chamberlin’s reputation for delivering a job well done, on time on past projects with Flintco, played a part in the company’s decision to hire Chamberlin again.

With just 20 weeks until the season literally “kicked-off,” Chamberlin moved in to do their scope of work and “kept their eye on the ball.” According to Joe Kuchta, Senior Superintendent on the project, the schedule was compressed by a couple of months during the course of the job. As a result, Chamberlin finished out a Friday afternoon with a 6-man crew and came back Monday morning with 36 men.

Kuchta commented, “We had to bump it up to get the job done in time. Instead of running each part of the job separately, we ran all three processes at the same time; including concrete repair, expansion joint replacements and deck coating. In the end we were more than able to meet the new schedule. We actually finished early.” He went on to say, “Our guys knew the work had to be done right and it had to be done quickly. They were committed to that. And they didn’t let me or our client down.”

Just weeks after the Chamberlin team set foot on the stadium’s turf, they finished up and left with time to spare on the “game clock.” Chamberlin completed its portion of the job in time for new stadium seating to be installed prior to the season opener.

New construction at the stadium continues this spring and is scheduled to be complete in time for football season this fall. When all is said and done, the stadium will feature a new upper deck on its east side and a fully renovated west side. All this is the fruit of a $100 million fund-raising initiative deemed by university officials as the “Great Expectations Campaign for Sooner Sports…. designed to provide OU’s football program with a national championship-quality facility.“

The renovation and expansion of Memorial Stadium is one of the largest scale projects the university has embraced. (Though anyone who works or studies at OU will tell you the entire campus seems to be undergoing improvements.) The university’s Director of Athletics, Joe Castiglione, has been quoted as saying, “It is our dream, our mission, to give OU’s football team and fans a facility in keeping with our status as one of the country’s most storied football programs.”

Chamberlin is proud to have played a small role in adding to the story and the stadium. And as a Texas based contractor, our staff of tried and true Texas college football fans are looking forward to watching our home state teams face off against the Sooners this football season.

30-Jul-10 2:00 PM

Employee Profile

Monica Keels — Mon, 26 Jul 2010 14:00:00 GMT

Abel Flores

Superintendent – Waterproofing & Caulking

Houston, TX

Abel is one of the luckiest people we know. When he enters an office pool or submits a bracket for March Madness he almost always comes out a winner. Some call it luck, he calls it skill. Luckily for Chamberlin, coming up with winning basketball brackets is not the only skill Abel has.

Experience:

It was 1985 when Abel first began his career installing waterproofing and caulking systems at Chamberlin. By 1998 he worked his way up to a job site foreman then was promoted to superintendent a few years later. Though his background is in sealants and remedial construction, he has become a well rounded superintendent that knows the ins and outs of both new and retrofit projects from below-grade waterproofing to garden roofs. During his tenure at Chamberlin he has worked on both large and small jobs from parking garages to luxury condominiums and high rise office buildings. Most recently he completed the Hurricane Ike remediation of 5000 Montrose at the Museum Condominiums in Houston and is currently working on the new Fort Bend County Courthouse.

Outlook:

“Abel is a very goal-oriented person,” said Chamberlin Executive Vice President, Art Canales, “He pays attention to the details and tackles problems head on.”

But, Abel knows success is not attainable without a strong team. “I like spending time with my waterproofing crew teaching them about the products they are applying and why,” said Abel. The “why” part of the equation is significant to Abel because it explains the importance and necessity of the waterproofing work he and his team are performing.

Outside the Office:

Abel loves to barbecue. When he is not barbecuing, he is talking about it, and when he is not talking about it, he is thinking about it. He is a third degree member of the Knights of Columbus Council 803, and often participates in cook-offs with his brother Knights. His team recently won first place for chicken, first place for chili and second place for brisket at University of Houston’s annual Frontier Fiesta cook-off.

We asked Abel to choose from this list of random items to help us learn a little more about him:

Abel’s Absolutes

Hotdog or Burger

Hunting or Fishing – Every time I can!

Al Pacino or Robert DeNiro

Domestic or Import

Snail Mail or Email

26-Jul-10 9:00 AM

Moisture Protection - The Building Envelope

Robert Zdenek — Mon, 26 Jul 2010 13:00:00 GMT

By: Robert “Zeke” Zdenek,

President, PSG Consultants

The “building envelope” is the exterior skin or shell of a building that protects the indoor environment from the outdoor elements. So, what are the components of the building envelope that are so important? Starting at the top and working to the bottom, they are as follows:

Roofing System
- Window System
- Sealants
- Air, Water & Vapor Barrier
- Cavity/ Rainscreen & Barrier Walls
- Waterproofing System

The long-term success of the individual building envelope components not only involves a good design and proper installation of the products, but relies heavily on an annual maintenance program. Like a car or an elevator, the building envelope needs to be maintained. In the following discussion of each envelope component, maintenance items that need regular attention are listed for easy reference so building owners and managers can develop key points within their maintenance plan.

Roofing System

Currently, some local building codes require a roof surface that has a reflectivity of 70 or better. This limits the choices of roofing materials to only white membranes or coatings. However, the roofing material selection depends on the type, use and/or function of the roof itself; shape of the building; the possibility of both horizontal and vertical expansion and the importance of the visual impact of the roof. An example of these considerations would be the Mall of America in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It has a 43 acre roof with 17 acres of skylights. The key maintenance issue for the project was snow removal, so a gray, granulated SBS Modified Bitumen roof system was installed since it could resist the abuse of snow blowers. When damage occurred, the gray granules were scuffed off the capsheet and the black modified asphalt membrane was exposed, which is easily visible and repairable during the annual roof inspection.

One area that has seen the largest growth during the past few years is green or garden roofs. Green roofs have a lot of advantages, but recently some of the negatives have come to the foreground. A few of the advantages include using rain water to feed vegetation, producing better air quality around the building and hiding the appearance of the “ugly” asphalt gravel roof. The negatives are damage that can be caused by vegetation components to the underlying waterproofing membrane layer, the cost of sprinkler system installation and its maintenance, and the potential for costly replacement of the garden materials.

The key to a successful roof selection is matching the specific membrane to the building owner’s needs, which includes the initial budget for the installation and the long-term performance of the roof system.

Ongoing maintenance items:

Repair membrane and flashing deterioration.
Membrane seams
Roof drainage
Roof top equipment installation and repairs
Foot traffic wear and tear
Maintain items listed in the warranty documents.

Window System

This component of the building envelope receives a lot of attention in the initial design, yet often seems to be value engineered during the preconstruction process. A common money-saving approach for multifamily, retirement and college residences is to use a low budget crank window assembly in lieu of a higher performing system. This type of window is, more often than not, a poor choice for these types of facilities. Other low budget systems that are sometimes used are the “weepless” and the nailing-flange windows. There are plenty of attorneys working on cases to resolve water infiltration issues with regard to these types of window assemblies. When a window frame is over 15 feet tall and the design shows a storefront in place of a curtain wall assembly, it should cause enough concern to question the design of the proposed assembly.

Ongoing maintenance items:

Check the placement and condition of the gaskets.
Make sure weeps are visible and not caulked shut or filled with debris.
Inspect window frames to be certain metal joinery is not open.
Observe interior finishes below the windows for signs of moisture intrusion (i.e. staining, discoloration, mold, etc.).
Make certain the landscape and sidewalks are not higher than the bottom of the window sill.
Adjust sprinkler system so it does not spray directly on the windows.

Sealants

In the preconstruction process sealant joints must be properly designed. This means that the joint width and depth must be designed and installed in an hour glass shape with the width being greater than the depth. Sealant joints should be in a compressive and elongated condition, thus minimizing the shear movement on the sealant joint.

In the last several years silicone sealant technology has come a long way. Designers now have multiple choices depending on the challenge at hand. Architects should be cautious in specifying the use of “new and improved” products. Many of the new products do not have long-term testing to support their claimed performance. The basic building envelope sealants are typically comprised of silicone or urethane. Other chemical based sealants are available for specific uses such as acrylic latex, which is an interior sealant.

Ongoing maintenance items:

On masonry walls, inspect the sealant used for control joints, windows, penetrations and the façade material changes.
On tilt wall and precast buildings, inspect the panel joints, and penetration/termination joints for windows, signage, slab-edge, etc.
On stucco buildings, inspect the window joints, floor expansion joints, penetration joints at the intersection of dissimilar façade materials, windows, pipes, signage, etc.
On EIFS buildings, check the window joints, floor expansion joints, change of the façade materials and all penetrations.

Air, Water & Vapor Barriers

In recent years there have been many “new and improved” air, water and vapor barrier products from both new and old manufacturers. The use, or non-use, of air, water and vapor barriers has become driven by marketing plans rather than the experience/performance in the local market place. Since the building envelope and interior environment must function in harmony to prevent condensation issues, it is extremely important that both the exterior envelope consultant and the mechanical engineer are involved in the process of choosing which product to use. Yet many mechanical engineers are seldom asked about their building settings.

On a recent large office project the mechanical engineer assumed the wall and roof assemblies to have R-values of 13 and 19 respectively. The engineer was informed the designed wall assemblies had an R-value of 33 and, that due to the design of the roof, a large percentage of it had an R-value over 72. After the mechanical engineer picked himself up from the floor, he jokingly stated all that was needed for the mechanical design to function was ice cubes in the summer and wooden matches for the winter with some properly sized fans! Subsequently, the mechanical engineer calibrated the equipment to run appropriately. One can only imagine what would have happened if the equipment had been set to his original figures. This is why dew point calculations are recommended on all roof and wall assemblies. The dew point calculation should be material and site specific, not just generally completed for a similar environment.

Cavity/Rainscreen & Barrier Walls

Most buildings have cavity/rainscreen, barrier walls, or a combination of both. Some examples of cavity or rainscreen wall assemblies are brick, metal panels, stucco and any other wall system that has a drainage and/or air cavity behind the façade element. These types of wall assemblies have a backup system for moisture protection and an integrated weep system to allow water and condensation to escape.

A barrier wall assembly is one that as the precipitation hits the exterior surface of the wall assembly, the moisture is stopped. Common barrier wall assemblies include, but are not limited to, non-drainable EIFS, some metal panel designs, tilt up and precast panels. There may, or may not be, an air, water and/or vapor membrane incorporated into these assemblies. Key components of cavity and barrier wall assemblies are end dams at the intersection of changing façade elements, the presence of expansion joints or soft joints at floor levels and a weep system for the accidental moisture that can be present.

Buildings designed with these two wall assemblies have different planes of intersection, but typically do not have details to illustrate how these critical points of intersection are to be waterproofed. The most common areas of failure in wall assemblies are at the intersection of products or differing wall assemblies.

Ongoing maintenance items:

Inspect the barrier material and sealants for cracks.
Look for water stains at the weep system locations and the presence of effloresce on the wall surfaces as these conditions may be evidence of a system that is not properly functioning.
Inspect the EIFS walls for damage, exposed reinforcing mesh and the thickness of the EIFS finish coat.

Waterproofing System

The selection of below-grade waterproofing materials depends on the findings presented in the soils report, location of the project and commonly used products in that particular marketplace. For example, on the “doughnut” expansion project of the Texas State Capitol, the waterproofing had to resist both the soil loads and local soils of Austin. The products that best fit the design and findings of the soils report was a bentonite based product on the vertical walls and a hot rubberized asphalt on the horizontal areas. One of the most critical details was at the intersection of these two products. The underlying challenge was that these two waterproofing systems are chemically different. To resolve the issue, technical persons from each manufacturer met to create a warranted tie-in detail.

Ongoing maintenance items:

Make certain the landscaping is sloped away from the building.
If applicable, ensure that the subsoil drainage is functioning properly.
Verify that there are no new penetrations created by other trades after the waterproofing is in place.

Note: For elevator pits, place the waterproofing on the positive side of the wall leaving the interior (negative) side of the wall available to waterproof just in case there is leak!

The building envelope requirements have been challenged with a bombardment of different elements over the years. Keep in mind that gravity always works, so a drainage system is important. Also, if water never gets to the waterproofing, leaks will not occur. There are always two or more choices in the world of moisture protection systems. The key is to have the proper information to make the right choice first.

PSG is a building envelope moisture protection consultation firm that has worked on projects around the world. PSG works with architects in the design phase, general contractors and installers during the construction phase, owners and property managers during the building operation phase and attorneys when these different phases are not complimentary to the building operation phase. Mr. Zdenek has combined his chemistry background, understanding of moisture protection products and knowledge of construction to scientifically determine product compatibility with long-term performance and to professionally solve problems. He also works as an expert witness on building envelope issues including roofing, window systems, various building façade elements, flashing details and air, water and vapor barriers. Mr. Zdenek can be reached at 763-755-4777 or psgzeke@earthlink.net.

26-Jul-10 8:00 AM

Fair Park: Restoring a Texas Landmark

Monica Keels — Fri, 23 Jul 2010 14:15:00 GMT

Fair Park is a unique National Historic Landmark that is home to entertainment facilities, cultural centers and the Texas State Fair. Located two miles east of downtown Dallas, Fair Park boasts eight museums, four performance venues, the Texas Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Cotton Bowl Stadium, the nation’s tallest Ferris wheel and, of course, Big Tex. The park encompasses 277 acres with the world’s largest collection of 1930s Art Deco style architecture. Over 749,000 square feet of space can be rented for conferences, markets, trade shows, festivals and sporting events.

The Texas State Fair is one of the largest attractions that bring people to Fair Park annually. Each year 3.5 million people flood through the Parry Avenue gates, past the ticket booths and Central Tower and end up near the Esplanade before dispersing to the different exhibits throughout the park. The Esplanade, a 700-foot-long reflecting pool with three fountains, was originally built for the 1936 Texas Centennial Exposition.

Chamberlin was hired by general contractor, Rogers O’Brien, to perform roofing and waterproofing work to restore the Parry Avenue gate entrance, ticket booths, Central Tower, Esplanade Fountain and pylons.

For the project, Chamberlin had two goals to accomplish: work within the Historic Landmark Commission requirements, and finish the project before the State Fair opened.

Parry Avenue Central Tower

A registered historical building requires specific approved methods for its remediation. The Parry Avenue Central Tower had at least four layers of paint and putty caked on its walls. Due to the historical nature of the project, Chamberlin was limited to certain means of chemical removal; no abrasive materials or high pressure equipment were allowed. So, Chamberlin was faced with the challenge to remove multiple layers of paint without conventional types of chemicals. After sampling multiple paint strippers, Chamberlin found two approved for use by the Historic Landmark Commission that could remove the majority of the paint without damaging the substrate.

Since time was of the essence, Chamberlin developed a plan to restore the Central Tower in the most efficient manner. The first step involved determining the amount of time it took to apply the paint stripper to the tower and allow it to dry, also known as the “dwell time”. This process revealed the dwell time to be 15 minutes. After it dried, the paint stripper was then removed but could only be done so using a low pressure, cold water wash. This limited the amount of area that could be completed at one time. As a result, Chamberlin split the project into sections, dividing each wall in half. Once the work areas were separated, Chamberlin started at the top of the tower, applied one coat of paint stripper then moved to the second section of the tower and repeated the process. By the time the second section was coated, it was time to pressure wash the first section. The cycle was repeated until both sections of each wall were clean. This approach significantly contributed to Chamberlin’s ability to meet a tight schedule by limiting the work to only one pass around the tower to remove all paint and prepare the substrate for restoration and recoating.

Five Stages of Waterproofing the Esplanade Fountain

Schedule coordination with other trades was critical on the Esplanade Fountain. Roger’s O’Brien demolished the original fountain structure, specifically the floor and small containment walls around the perimeter. Then the highly organized process of rebuilding the fountain commenced one section at a time. Work began on the east side and progressed in sequential segments until the 700-foot-long reflecting pool was reconstructed. As each section was completed, Chamberlin would follow with five stages of waterproofing as well as the installation of submersible sealants in the fountain joints, cast stone, glass block and stainless steel channels at the fountain weirs.

Chamberlin’s five stages of waterproofing work began by shot blasting the concrete slab and grinding all vertical walls and edges to obtain proper profile for waterproofing material adhesion. Next, a vapor barrier was applied, which required 24 hours of cure time before any other product could be installed on top of it. Once the vapor barrier cured, a waterproofing primer and neoprene flashing was applied to all vertical and horizontal intersections, which called for another 24 hours of cure time.

The fourth step consisted of two separate GacoFlex-UB-64 waterproofing base coats being applied to the primed concrete. Each coat had to cure for 48 hours. Finally, the process was completed by applying two top coats of GacoFlex-UA-60 waterproofing with 48 hours of cure time between each coat and 72 hours of cure time after final application.

Due to this multistep process there was a great risk of creating significant construction delays. In order to maximize production and maintain a steady work flow, Chamberlin setup an application schedule. The schedule tracked work-in-progress zones, product cure time and when the next area would be ready for the subsequent step in the process. The development and use of this schedule was critical to the timely completion of this project. Without it, work could have easily been completed improperly resulting in costly project delays.

All’s Fair

While all projects have a time limit, this project had some unique challenges, particularly the start of the State Fair of Texas. The State Fair takes place every fall and lasts three weeks. As a contract requirement, all work was to be complete by mid-September prior to the start of the Fair. With this in mind, Chamberlin had to stay ahead of the schedule every step of the way regardless of the summer heat’s affect on materials, potential rain delays and the arrival of early State Fair setup crews.

Several weeks before the Fair opened, car stages, snack booths, rides, and personnel beganpreparing the grounds. When this process was announced, the schedule became even more compressed causing Chamberlin to accelerate their efforts in order to avoid any conflict with Fair staff. Project manpower was increased and daily production schedules were continually monitored for any issue that might create a delay.

As a result of meticulous planning, even schedule surprises did not affect Chamberlin as final touches of paint, sealants and waterproofing were completed in time for the opening of the Texas State Fair.

23-Jul-10 9:15 AM

Reliant Stadium: If You Build It, They Will Come

Monica Keels — Wed, 21 Apr 2010 20:00:00 GMT

This famous movie line has traditionally been applied to baseball, but Houston football fans followed suit when Reliant Stadium opened this fall. As the Houston Texans suited up for their first home game, the Chamberlin crew that had spent close to two years on site at Reliant Stadium, took a big deep breath.

So did the hundreds of others who worked on the project in partnership with Manhattan and Beers, the joint GC team on the project. Their project was complete. In just 20 months the $400 million stadium was ready for the 69,000 Texan fans who converged there opening day. Chamberlin’s portion of the job included the sub-roof system, the expansion joint systems and required waterproofing.

Given the logistics of coordinating a project of this size, an on time completion was a feat. But add several “firsts” in construction history to the list of the regular scheduling obstacles and you have a notable accomplishment. The stadium’s retractable roof is the one and only of its kind. This has put Reliant Stadium in history books, much like its predecessor, the Astrodome, was 37 years ago. Likewise, the palletized grass playing field is the only of its kind in an NFL stadium.

What else would you expect from a team called the Texans? Everything is bigger and better in Texas and the motto certainly rings true when it comes to Reliant Stadium. “Bigger” was a key component to Chamberlin’s portion of the job. In fact, the $3.6 million contract is nearly two times the size of what the company typically considers to be a “large” project. But the experienced Chamberlin team took it in stride. Duane Duffy, Project Director for Manhattan/Beers commented, “Chamberlin was prepared to take on the scope of the project. From previous experience, we knew they had the management expertise, manpower and a scope of services that was especially appealing.”

Chamberlin actually began work on the project in October of 2000. The firm’s first contribution to the job was a value engineered design/build solution for the sub-roofing that ultimately shaved approximately $320,000 off of the owner’s cost. Credit for this savings is attributed to three key factors: the company’s experience with a similar system at Minute Maid Park, the expertise of the Chamberlin estimating team and Chamberlin’s partnership with Law Engineering, the firm that re-engineered the original plans.

Chamberlin’s package was as comprehensive as it was extensive. To be more exact and provide an idea of the scope of these projects, consider these numbers. Chamberlin was responsible for applying 25 miles of sealants in the “bowl” of the stadium; 11 acres of concrete sealer on the pre-cast seating; and installing over a mile of expansion joints including 15 different varieties.

“The expansion joints are an interesting part of this job,” explained Chamberlin’s Senior Project Manager Shane Hubbard, “What’s unique about the stadium is that it’s actually six different structures that are two to four inches apart. The expansion joints connect them and compensate for the expansion and shrinkage that occurs in the concrete structure due to variable conditions in the weather.”

The waterproofing portion of the job was also unique. The waterproofing needs inside the stadium were special to say the least. “When the roof of a building opens, the waterproofing needs inside change dramatically,” explained Jonathan Winkles, Chamberlin’s On-Site Project Manager for the Reliant project. Just a few of the services Chamberlin provided to ensure the waterproof integrity of the stadium included: elastromeric coating, below–grade dampproofing, deck coating, slab-on-grade sealants, architectural pre-cast caulking/sealer, standing seam roofing and miscellaneous sheet metal and flashing.

The Reliant job entailed an incredible commitment to safety and communication for all those involved. Chamberlin is proud to report a record number of man-hours were recorded on the job without a single injury. The firm worked closely with other subs and the general contractor throughout the duration of the project. Jonathan Winkles commented, “I spent as much time in the Manhattan trailer as I did anywhere else. We had to make sure we all communicated with one another in order to schedule each portion of the job. We have an excellent relationship with the people at Manhattan/Beers. We work well together; they know they can count on us.”

The company brought to the project the ability to provide ingenuity, but more than that, Chamberlin brought the ability to provide ingenuity in regard to a broad scope of services. In fact, Chamberlin’s charge included services that may have otherwise required Manhattan/Beers to enlist three separate subcontractors. Truth is, Chamberlin was the only local specialty subcontractor with the ability to provide the convenience of this one-stop-shop solution.

John Kafka, Chamberlin CEO commented, “We are equipped to handle sophisticated jobs. We have the expertise and capabilities to perform complex and schedule driven work in a safe and productive manner without sacrificing quality. Our clients know they can trust in us to get the job done right.”

And the job is done. The stadium now stands as a reminder of the ingenuity, scope of services, and teamwork that went into constructing it. Reliant Stadium: a bigger and better stadium for the Houston Texans.

21-Apr-10 3:00 PM

Benefits of Independent Third Party Waterproofing Inspections

Jay Webster — Wed, 21 Apr 2010 15:00:00 GMT

By Jay F. Webster

Building Envelope Consultant

Raba-Kistner Consultants, Inc.

It costs less to build a structure once. It costs less to fix mistakes while the building is still under construction and even less to design it right while still on paper. Independent third party inspections can benefit the owner, architect, general contractor and the installer or subcontractor and help reduce construction call backs due to water infiltration from the roof and windows.

No one intentionally installs windows backward, but it happens. On some large buildings, complexes and campuses, the labor force can outnumber the project supervision by 10 times. With new products being installed and multiple trades working on the same wall or window opening, some strange things can happen. Regardless of whether it is the roof, below-grade waterproofing, walls or windows, any one of these installations done incorrectly can be costly to repair and damage professional credibility. And no one wants to sit across the table from an unhappy owner and their attorney.

Successful waterproofing installations are the result of solid design, quality products and proper installation, but an on-site construction inspector can lend an additional bit of insurance. Using a team approach can make it easier to get the long-term performance expected from any waterproofing system, and third party inspection can help provide the following:

Design Assistance – System design and specification guidance regarding the type of waterproofing system that is best suited to the project’s site conditions and construction type.

System Review – The manufacturer’s and consultant’s technical staff can provide a thorough review of the specifications and details for constructability and completeness. This is referred to as a “peer review.”

Complete Product Offering – Some manufacturers can offer a variety of products and systems including membranes, waterstops, drainage products and detailing accessories with assurance of compatibility.

Job-Specific CAD Details – Job and product specific CAD generated details minimize field decisions and confusion which are always schedule and cost motivated.

Quality Assurance – Includes a mandatory pre-construction meeting, site photos, installation observation and reports for review of installation with all involved parties.

Material Installation by Experienced, Approved Applicators – Assures proper material installation within manufacturer’s guidelines by professionally trained applicators and secures manufacturer’s warranty.

Independent Inspection – Verifies proper installation and ensures materials are not damaged prior to coverage of work.

Contractual Accountability – A manufacturer’s warranty should provide a direct contract between the building owner and waterproofing manufacturer.

Financial Assurance – A reliable material and labor waterproofing warranty provided by the manufacturer.

Owner’s Insurance – With the use of certain procedures it may be possible to obtain lower insurance rates for the use of better products, third party observation and testing.

Contractor’s Bonding – With fewer call backs and problems, the general contractor will see an increase in bond rating and amount as well as an overall increase in profits.

Owners

Independent third party inspections benefit owners in many ways. In addition to getting a finished product where materials are designed and installed correctly, the building will provide excellent service and have fewer problems with moisture and air intrusion. The greatest impact will be realized with lower operating costs on higher performing buildings. This translates right to the bottom line on building efficiency and a faster return on investment.

Architects and Engineers

The design community can use a peer review and third party inspection as a way of ensuring the constructability of the drawings and that the design intent is carried out in the field. This contributes to risk management and reduces the exposure to construction errors. It’s a lot easier to address a question when the design is still on paper than when it is already built. The architect and engineer’s liability insurance may also decrease if these are standard practices endorsed by their insurance carrier.

General Contractors

General contractors can be well served by independent third party inspections. Fewer call backs mean more of the profit is kept as profit rather than spent on service calls, or worse yet, attorney’s fees. In addition, third party inspections are a good check on how the construction crew is doing. A contractor’s reputation is best maintained with a good quality product delivery.

Qualified and Approved Applicators

Because leaks are most often the result of improper material installation, the best solution is to have a trained and experienced applicator install a properly designed waterproofing system. Using an approved applicator provides these advantages:

Ensures installation quality for maximum performance;
Minimizes risk of moisture damage and long-term repair costs;
Experienced professionals who are knowledgeable about waterproofing applications install the materials with efficiency and in a timely manner.
More and more construction product manufacturers require applicators to be factory and field certified before they will offer warranties on products and installations. The cost to come back a year after the building has been completed can be twice as much as the original contract for the services.

Independent Inspection

When it comes to the waterproofing on a building, problems are difficult and expensive to resolve. The materials are usually difficult to access, being mostly installed within the wall or roof cavities. In a large number of cases repair costs can quickly escalate to many times the cost of the initial installation. Most leaks occur not because the materials were defective but because of these primary causes:

Improperly designed and/or installed waterproofing systems;
Poorly prepared substrates;
Damage after installation by subsequent construction traffic and operations;
“Field” solutions to specific job site needs which can lead to incomplete or faulty installations to keep the project on schedule and the initial expense down.

Working with an independent inspection firm can help eliminate these issues and offers an additional layer of assurance to the project by providing the following services:

Pre-construction meetings;
Design review;
Observations, inspections and reporting;
Recommendations;
Testing systems.

Ultimately, team work has always been the best formula for the successful construction of a building. Adding independent third party inspections to the team can be the element that ensures the building envelope components are correctly designed and installed to create a more air and water tight building.

Mr. Webster joined Raba-Kistner Consultants, Inc. in June 2008. Mr. Webster’s primary focus is the investigation of air and water infiltration into the building envelope. In addition to on-site observations and testing, Mr. Webster is involved in the design of below-grade waterproofing systems and performing peer review of construction documents and specifications. He can be reached at 210-699-9090 or jwebster@rkci.com.

21-Apr-10 10:00 AM

A Fast-Trak Roofing Project Gets Over $60,000 in Energy Rebates for Austin Building Owner

Monica Keels — Wed, 21 Apr 2010 14:00:00 GMT

Like everyone else across the country, building owners are looking for creative ways to reduce their cost without sacrificing quality. Recently, an opportunity came along in Austin, Texas for TCP Realty to do just that.

Austin Energy offered local commercial building owners the opportunity to receive a significant rebate if they reroofed their building with an energy efficient, reflective roof. The company also added an incentive: an extra 20% construction bonus if the project was completed and inspected by Austin Energy before April 1, 2010.

TCP Realty, a long-time Chamberlin client with properties throughout Texas, looked to Chamberlin’s roofing professionals to reroof their multi-building Springwood Business Center and complete the work in just 28 working days – rain or shine. Chamberlin was able to quickly respond to TCP’s request for a proposal and provide the manpower necessary for the project.

“We have met tight deadlines before, and this one was a real challenge,” said Roofing Project Estimator Russell Johnson. “We wanted to do whatever was needed to achieve TCP’s goals and help them receive all the rebates offered by Austin Energy.”

“Chamberlin has been working for me on roofing and waterproofing projects for over 25 years,” said TCP Realty Senior Vice President, Rubin Kremling, CPM, CCIM, “and they always go the extra mile to make sure we are 110 percent satisfied with their work.”

The Springwood Business Center is an office/warehouse park with five buildings. Each building is covered with a standing seam metal roof totaling 90,000 sq. ft. The buildings were beginning to experience leaks on a regular basis. A damaging hail storm was the final nail in the coffin for the metal roof, and the energy rebates offered an excellent reroofing opportunity.

Chamberlin installed a 15 year warranted roof system consisting of three-inch expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation board, which was custom cut to fit the existing metal roof configuration. A one-half-inch heavy duty cover board was placed over the EPS, which was mechanically fastened to receive a 1-90 wind uplift rating. To finish off the roof system, a white, reflective .45 mil thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) single ply membrane was mechanically fastened throughout the field of the roof and fully adhered at all openings, flashings and perimeter. Chamberlin’s sheet metal fabrication shop also formed and installed pre-finished metal edge, gutters, downspouts and copings.

Because the April 1 deadline left no room for weather delays, the Chamberlin team worked long hours on clear days, including some weekends, to complete the project in time to have it inspected and approved by Austin Energy for the rebates.

“Weather was not an excuse to extend the project in the eyes of Austin Energy,” said Johnson. “With this fast-track pace, we were extremely cautious about the safety of our workers and the multiple tenants that occupied the buildings during construction.”

Chamberlin completed the project in time to file the proper rebate application forms with Austin Energy. Next, an Austin Energy representative will perform an inspection to verify the roof installation and determine the final rebate amount, which is estimated to be over $60,000.

Careful and thorough project management makes for a successful fast-track roof replacement. Superintendent Danny Taft and Foreman Pedro Balderas guided the team, meeting all standards and deadlines. Their dedication to safety and a quality installation amongst a quick deadline demonstrate the Chamberlin objective to meet and exceed client expectations on every project.

21-Apr-10 9:00 AM

Our Team Wins KinderCare Trust

Monica Keels — Tue, 06 Apr 2010 13:15:00 GMT

KinderCare Child Learning Center is a daycare company that provides early childhood educational services needed to build a child’s critical thinking skills. The KinderCare Company was founded in 1969 and operates over 1,244 learning centers throughout the United States . It is the largest professional private daycare company in the nation for children ranging from six-weeks to 12-years of age. These 1,244 daycare facilities are located in 39 states, and Texas leads the count with 108 followed closely by California with 103.

Early in 1999, the Chamberlin office in Houston had the opportunity to meet with KinderCare Child Learning Centers. KinderCare’s Mr. Dave Seiter, Senior Tech Representative, who is responsible for over 180 facilities in Texas and New Mexico . Mr. Seiter was dealing with a number of issues regarding the proper maintenance of roof systems at KinderCare Centers in Texas . KinderCare was utilizing multiple roofing contractors to maintain their roofs which had, in too many instances, resulted in poor response time, dirty job sites, unacceptable workmanship and poor communication. Mr. Seiter had heard about Chamberlin’s Roof Maintenance and Leak Repair department from a colleague.

A meeting was held with one of Chamberlin’s Project Managers, Ed LaMont, to discuss and understand the services that the KinderCare Company desired, and to communicate Chamberlin’s Roof Maintenance and Leak Repair Department’s capabilities. Subsequent to the meeting, an agreement was reached for Chamberlin to begin working with KinderCare on a trial basis. The first assignment that Chamberlin received was to stop leaks at three different facilities that had been left unresolved despite several attempts by other roofing contractors. In short order, Chamberlin’s leak repair technicians located the problem leaks and made permanent repairs. Chamberlin’s timely response, professional approach and commitment to getting results began a relationship which continues stronger today.

Like many of Chamberlin’s clients, KinderCare wants and needs an immediate response to active roof leaks in their facilities. The KinderCare facilities were built over a period of years, and there are a number of different types of roof systems from shingles to BUR to single ply and more. Depending on the severity of the roof leaks, a Chamberlin technician is dispatched to the facility to determine what temporary repairs can be made to slow or stop the water infiltration.

While at the site, Chamberlin’s technicians work to determine the source of the leak. Chamberlin’s roof repair maintenance technicians are trained on the proper procedures for all types of roof systems. Permanent repairs are scheduled and completed once weather and schedule permits. The exact scope of work required to stop the leaks is often unknown. Much of the time the leak repair work is completed in a service arrangement method with KinderCare paying only for the actual hours and materials utilized. Mr. Seiter said, “Chamberlin’s attention to detail and quick response time to our roofing needs by Ed LaMont and Chamberlin’s Roof Maintenance and Leak Repair team has been excellent. Chamberlin is always responsive in getting technicians to the facilities quickly and finding and fixing the problem. I would recommend and have recommended Chamberlin to anyone who seeks a professional roofing contractor.”

Today, as Chamberlin visits a new facility, a roof survey is completed providing detail regarding the type of roof, approximate age, and an estimate on the next three years maintenance needs. Also, with KinderCare’s approval all preventive maintenance required for the subject roof system is scheduled and completed. Since some of the roof systems are at their useful service life limits, the existing roofs are being removed and replaced. Other roofs, which will need to be replaced in the next one to three years, are being budgeted for replacement with Chamberlin’s assistance. Chamberlin’s recent reroofs for KinderCare have been completed by removing the existing roof system and replacing with a Firestone modified bitumen roof system, which carries a 12-year labor and material warranty. Since Chamberlin has been given the Firestone Master Contractor Award for eight consecutive years for quality workmanship, KinderCare is assured of a high quality roof system at a competitive price.

Currently, Chamberlin is providing leak repair, roof maintenance and reroofing services for KinderCare in Houston, Dallas, Corpus Christi, Austin, San Antonio and plans to continue going and growing in Texas where ever we are needed by KinderCare.

Not so long ago, Dave Seiter dreaded rainy days because of all the leak calls he would get from his facilities directors. Today, he is confident that unresolved leaks are a thing of the past due to Chamberlin’s Roof Maintenance and Leak Repair department. “We now have a handle on our worst roofs and currently we are following a proactive roof maintenance program to extend the service lives of our remaining roofs,” said Mr. Seiter.

6-Apr-10 8:15 AM

Mold Problems & Challenges

Monica Keels — Tue, 06 Apr 2010 13:00:00 GMT

By C. Vipulanandan, Ph.D., P.E.

Chairman and Professor of Civil Engineering

Director, Center for Innovative Grouting Materials and Technology (CIGMAT)

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

University of Houston

Introduction

Mold (fungi) and mildew are commonly used interchangeably, although mold is often applied to black, blue, green and red fungal growth and mildew to whitish growths. Molds produce tiny spores to reproduce. When mold spores land on a damp spot indoors, they begin growing and digesting whatever they are growing on in order to survive. Molds thrive on a great many organic substances and provided with sufficient moisture, they rapidly disintegrate wood, paper and leather. There is no practical way to eliminate all mold and mold spores in the indoor environment; they way to control indoor mold growth is to control moisture.

The growth of mold is pervasive throughout the outdoor environment. Given the proper conditions, mold may also proliferate in an indoor setting. Because Americans spend 75% to 90% of their time indoor, they are exposed to molds that are growing indoors. Molds readily enter indoor environments by circulating through doorways, windows, heating, ventilation systems, and air conditioning systems. Spores in the air also deposit on people and animals, making clothes, shoes, bags, and pets common carriers of molds into indoor environments. The most common indoor molds are Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria.

Experts say the increase in cases of toxic mold infestations in both public and private buildings is partially due to the use of imitation masonry materials commonly referred to as exterior insulation finish systems (EIFS) that allow building leaks and subsequent trapping of water inside the walls. This provides a perfect breeding ground for toxic mold. The problem is far more prevalent in humid areas like Houston and is compounded by flooding.

Molds can destroy wooden studs and supports and can even make a house structurally unstable, but chronic health problems, including upper respiratory problems and skin rashes, are its most devastating effect. Many building materials are suitable nutrient sources for fungal growth. Cellulose substrates, including paper and paper products, cardboard, ceiling tiles, wood, and wood products are particularly favorable for growth of some molds. Other substrates such as dust, paints, wallpaper, insulation material, dry wall, carpet fabric and upholstery commonly support mold growth.

Some indoor molds have the potential to produce extremely potent toxins called micotoxins. Species of mycotoxin-producing molds include Fusarium, Trichoderma and Stachybotrys. In general, the presence of these molds indicates a long-standing water problem.

The toxic effects from mold exposure are thought to be associated with exposure to toxins on the surface of the mold spores. There are published reports on the effect of Stachybotrys on kids, adults, and animals. Little is documented about the prevalence of toxigenic molds in homes, and it is not clear how many extensive measures must be taken to achieve environments sufficiently free of molds to avoid disease. In removing molds caution must be used, because it is possible that homeowners could actually increase the levels of mold spores in the air by attempting extensive clean-up efforts without guidance from a professional (an environmental health or ventilation engineer).

Besides being destructive, however, molds also have industrial uses, such as in the fermentation of organic acids and particular flavors of cheeses. Penicillin, a product of the green mold, revolutionized antibiotic drugs after its discovery in 1929.

Mold Clean up

The key to mold control is moisture control. It is important to dry water-damaged areas and items within 48 hours to prevent mold growth. If mold is a problem in your home, clean up the mold and get rid of the excess water or moisture. Fix leaky plumbing in other sources of water. Wash mold off hard surfaces with detergent and water, and dry completely. Absorbent material such as carpet that becomes moldy may have to be replaced.

Mold remediation is a very serious undertaking, and could employ techniques used for asbestos and lead abatement along with others used for radon reduction. The situation is reminiscent of asbestos, because attempts to remove a substance can cause it to become airborne, creating a large hazard.

Fixing a mold problem is a two-step process: cleaning up the contamination itself (most of it is generally hidden from view) and correcting the building defects that caused the problem to arise in the first place. Because so many mold problems are caused by infiltration of water vapor from the soil, the technique used for radon remediation is useful for preventing a recurrence once the contamination is addressed.

What Should You Know About Mold?

1. Potential health effects and symptoms associated with mold exposure include allergic reactions, asthma, and other respiratory complaints.

2. There is no practical way to eliminate all mold and mold spores in the indoor environment: the way to control indoor mold growth is to control moisture.

3. If mold is a problem in your home, school or workplace, you must clean up the mold and eliminate sources of moisture.

4. Fix the source of water problem or leak to prevent mold growth.

5. Reduce indoor humidity (to 30-50%) to decrease mold growth by ventilation using air conditioners, dehumidifiers and exhaust fans.

6. Clean and dry any damp or wet building materials to prevent mold growth. Clean mold off hard surfaces with a mixture of water and detergent and dry completely.

7. In areas where there is a continuous moisture problem, do not install carpeting.

SUMMARY

In areas where flooding has occurred or where there has been water leaks, prompt cleaning of walls and other moisture-damaged items with water mixed with chlorine bleach, is necessary to prevent mold growth. Mold remediation is a serious undertaking and must be done with the help of professionals. Solving a mold problem is a two-step process: cleaning up the contamination itself and correcting the building defects that caused the problem. In some cases, if toxic mold is found, the only recourse may be to abandon the home and all its contents.

Standards of Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for airborne concentrations of mold, or mold spores, have not been set and currently there are no EPA regulations or standards for airborne mold contaminants. Additional research is needed before the most appropriate recommendations for home clean up can be determined. Until then, interim guidelines must be adopted with the help of professionals.

6-Apr-10 8:00 AM

Roof Uplift Testing: Know the Parameters and Use the Information Wisely

Monica Keels — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 15:00:00 GMT

By: Jerry L. Abendroth RRO, RRC, CDT, CSI

Principal and President

Building Exterior Solutions, LLC

Factory Mutual (FM) Global Insurance Company recommends that field uplift testing be conducted for most adhered roofing systems in the hurricane prone regions of the United States and the Caribbean. Although this test procedure simulates the laboratory test, there is much controversy regarding the use of the test in the field and the variables which can affect test results.

Test Methods

FM Loss Prevention Data Sheet 1-52 (FM 1-52), “Field Uplift Tests,” provides for two methods of testing wind uplift resistance: the negative pressure test and the bonded uplift test. The negative pressure test utilizes a five foot by five foot dome that is placed over the roofing membrane surface. Negative pressure is then applied to the dome starting at an initial pressure of 15 pounds per square foot (psf). The pressure is increased in increments of 7.5 psf with each increment held for one minute until 1.5 times the design test pressure is reached or failure occurs. A deflection bar positioned in the center of the chamber measures upward deflection of the roof membrane. This test is sometimes referred to as the “bubble test.” In years past, the test was often conducted using a durable skylight dome. In recent years, test pressures have been increased substantially requiring the use of negative pressure domes constructed of stronger materials.

The FM negative pressure test is based, at least partly, on American Society for Testing and Material’s (ASTM) E907, “Standard Test Method for Field Testing Uplift Resistance of Adhered Membrane Roofing Systems.” The two tests are similar however there are some significant differences. FM recommends that the chamber be placed “between roof supporting beams or joists (where practical), except when testing roofs on pre-cast concrete roof decks, in which case locate the test site over the joints in the pre-cast concrete deck.” ASTM E907 does not include placement in their test discussion, but they do indicate that roof surface stiffness may be influenced by the roof deck and framing stiffness.

Another notable difference between the FM and ASTM uplift test is that the FM 1-52 test requirements for allowable deflection are more restrictive than ASTM E907. When using FM 1-52 test, the maximum allowable roof surface deflections are one quarter of an inch for pressures to 60 psf and one half of an inch for pressures between 60 psf and 120 psf. Whereas, when using ASTM E907, a one inch deflection is allowable at any test pressure.

The FM 1-52 “Field Uplift Tests” also provides for testing by bonding to the roofing membrane surface to simulate negative pressure. The bonded uplift test utilizes two, two-foot by two-foot pieces of plywood connected to a tripod. The two pieces of plywood are fastened together and attached to the tripod with mechanical fasteners. The plywood is then adhered to the smooth roof surface with steep asphalt, cold adhesive or a material which is compatible with the roof system. After a curing period, the roofing membrane is cut at the perimeter of the plywood. The attached plywood/roof assembly is then attached to a scale/tripod assembly and upward force is applied in increments of 7.5 psf starting at 15 psf and held for one minute at each increment until 1.5 times the design pressure (or failure) is obtained.

Test Variables and Concerns

Major roofing contractor groups, such as the National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) and the Midwest Roofing Contractors Association (MRCA) have expressed concerns with the use of field uplift testing and have issued bulletins to their members regarding the use and significance of these types of tests. The NRCA has stated the following concerns utilizing wind uplift testing:

·         Deck deflections of the magnitudes of the deflection limits allowed in FM 1-52 are common for metal roof decks given the high testing loads.

·         Both the ASTM and FM test methods can be sensitive to test operators and yield variable results.

·         Movement of persons around the test chamber can affect the test.

·         Research has not been conducted to validate the field test method.

The NRCA recommends field uplift testing results be kept in proper perspective and FM 1-52, by itself, not be relied on as a quality assurance measure. The NRCA maintains that the best, most reliable means of assessing the quality of a newly installed roof system is through continuous observation of the application by a knowledgeable roofing professional at the time of installation.

Changes to FM 1-52

The most recent version of FM 1-52, issued in April of 2009, includes several significant changes. The most significant change is that the test is currently not recommended for new roof systems which are mechanically attached to certain roof deck types provided the roof fastener spacing is adequate. These roof deck types are steel (minimum 22 gauge), wood, cementitious wood fiber plank, and structural concrete (minimum 2,500 psi).

Another modification provided in the April 2009 FM 1-52 is to increase the allowable deflection for metal decks. For wide rib steel decks where the test pressure exceeds 60 psf, FM now allows an additional one quarter of an inch deflection for each 60 psf increment of testing. If an intermediate or narrow rib deck is used, FM now allows the deflection to be twice the previous limit up to a maximum of one inch deflection.

In addition, FM recommends that all roof top observers who are not directly involved with the test equipment should not stand directly adjacent to the test area during testing. Other changes to the standard include guidance for those conducting testing on how to interpret the results.

Examples of Field Uplift Testing versus Actual Performance

During recent hurricane observations and investigations, several testing agencies used wind uplift testing to determine the viability of existing roof systems. In one such instance testing was conducted on a 25 to 30 year old roof system which had been mopped directly to lightweight insulating concrete. The roof system had withstood the hurricane with little ballast displacement and little water penetration into the building; however, it could not pass the FM 1-52 test. Therefore, while it did not meet the FM 1-52 deflection criteria, it was able to endure a hurricane with minimal damage to the roofing system.

In another example, a 25 year old built-up roof system which had a partial blow-off during a hurricane event was tested to FM 1-90 wind uplift criteria. The roof consisted of 3-ply built-up system over tapered perilite insulation. All layers had been mopped in steep asphalt. The remaining sections of the roof system passed the FM 1-52 test even after adjacent sections of the roofing system had blown off during the hurricane.

Field Uplift Testing – Evaluation

As with any testing, field uplift tests must be conducted in a manner which follows the parameters set forth in the test protocol. However, when performing the testing and after the results are obtained, common sense must be used in the selection of the test areas, performance of the testing, and in the interpretation and use of the results. The specifications for new roof systems should include the type of testing, test information, test pressures and any other relevant information so that the contractor can plan for installation of a successful roofing system. Roof monitoring during construction is an important element of a successful roofing installation. However, despite concerns and difficulties, field uplift testing is a viable tool to help determine a roof system’s ability to withstand potential wind events.

Mr. Abendroth joined Building Exterior Solutions, LLC in September 2008. Mr. Abendroth has been primarily involved with the evaluation and design of roofing, waterproofing, and curtain wall systems. He has also managed consulting services on buildings for the MD Anderson Cancer Center at the Texas Medical Center and managed design services for three re-roofing projects for NASA at the Johnson Space Center, both in Houston. Services included design and design review, mock-up design and testing, and construction administration and observation. Jerry can be reached at 713-467-9840 or jabendroth@buildingexteriorsolutions.com.

29-Jan-10 9:00 AM

Effective Planning Sets Course for Successful Re-Roof at Houston's Intercontinental Airport

Monica Keels — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 19:30:00 GMT

Working at an active international airport terminal can be a juggling act. With flights and travelers coming and going, keeping a productive work schedule can be a challenge for a less experienced contractor. Chamberlin has been working for the Houston Airport System for several decades on various waterproofing and roofing projects and knows what it takes to get the job done.

George Bush Intercontinental Airport Houston (IAH) is the city’s largest airport. One of the airport’s five terminals, Terminal D has 12 gates servicing passengers departing and arriving on several foreign carriers such as Air France, AeroMexico and British Airways. At the end of 2008, the former 20 year old SBS Modified Bitumen roof system above the terminal and airline gates had reached its service life. It had also sustained damage from Hurricane Ike, which turned small leaks into large ones.

Serving as the general contractor, Clark Construction called upon Chamberlin to re-roof the 220,000 sq. ft. terminal.

“Chamberlin was chosen because of their bid, but also because we have had a good experience with them in the past at Hobby Airport and at the IAH Federal Inspections Building,” said Clark Superintendent Matt Lewis.

The scope of work included tearing off and removing the former roof system and installing a new Fibertite DuPont™ Elvaloy^® KEE coated single-ply system along with associated sheet metal coping and counter flashing.

With so many airplanes arriving at and departing the terminal, residual jet fuel had taken a toll on the previous roof system. Project architect PGAL chose the FiberTite KEE membrane because it holds up to the long term effects of jet fuel and other contaminants. The membrane is also ENERGY STAR rated.

Working on a busy, fully occupied building that is roughly the size of four football fields brings some challenges. Before Chamberlin began the tear off process, the roofing team carefully planned a safe and efficient trash removal procedure and designed a chute engineered to meet the airport’s safety protocols. First, Chamberlin built ramps over telecommunication systems, pipes and expansion joints in order to utilize motorized towing vehicles carrying debris to the garbage chute. Behind the vehicle in a train car style were four-wheeled carts hauling the trash.

Second, a 60 foot tall, free standing garbage chute was engineered to handle 220,000 sq. ft. of demolished roofing material. A special ramp was also created at the entrance to the chute so the motorized carts, which travelled in excess of one quarter of a mile across the roof, could pull up to the chute, dump the materials and go back for more. Additionally, a free standing stair tower was engineered and constructed adjacent to the garbage chute for worker access. Both structures were designed by Chamberlin to withstand hurricane force winds.

Once all procedures and processes were in place, the project schedule was set so airline operations were not interrupted by Chamberlin’s work.

“For the most part, our work took place between 4:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m.,” said Chamberlin Project Manager, Bill Lawson, “this helped to eliminate disturbances to travelers and airlines alike, and it kept the project moving ahead on a timely schedule.”

Superintendent Yuber Espinal and General Superintendent Jerroul McMellon did a great job coordinating the installation of the roofing system and following through on the plan for safety and trash removal. The project even received a safety award from Clark Construction for achieving six months of work with no lost time accidents or recordable injuries.

In addition to the IAH Terminal D project, Chamberlin is currently working for the Houston Airport System on the interior and exterior renovation of Terminal C and its garages, Terminal A roof replacement, as well as the exterior renovation of the ticketing building and concourse at Hobby Airport.

25-Jan-10 1:30 PM

Identifying Building Envelope Problems

Chamberlin Roofing & Waterproofing — Wed, 27 Dec 2006 20:00:00 GMT

By Mark K. Howell

By definition, "envelope" is an encapsulating covering, such as an outer shell or membrane. In simple building terms, it consists of the roof, above-grade wall system and the below-grade wall system. An envelope's purpose is to provide protection from external elements, which in building construction means protection from moisture, air and temperature ingress and egress.

The definition sounds simple enough, but in reality--because of the thousands of complex products and systems specified and the multiple trades involved--the chance of error is high. As complex and intricate as the building envelope seems to be, how can you tell if building envelope is going to have or is already having problems?

Proactive Investigations

In a perfect world before clients purchased a structure, they would engage a professional with building envelope knowledge to inspect the structure and determine the potential building envelope investment that may be required. Clients typically look at the roof, but rarely go into the remaining elements of the building envelope. With good information from an investigation, a client can make a prudent business decision prior to purchasing a structure. Armed with this information, he can renegotiate the price, accept the risk while being aware of the financial needs, or walk away from the deal.

Unfortunately proactive investigations are still rare, especially when the economy and real estate markets are booming and deal making is fast and furious. A large majority of calls are from clients who have recently acquired structures, new property managers, new condominium board members, new church business managers or new building engineers--each of whom has just taken over a property and found that something is leaking or falling off the building. Regardless of when and whom you get the call from, what is a good way to tell if the building envelope will have problems?

Obviously you have to see the building in person, which then brings up the question: How closely do you need to look? A good starting point is covered by the ASTM E2270 Standard Practice for Periodic Inspections of Building Facades for Unsafe Conditions, which defines the levels of facade inspections to apply to a building. These definitions can be adapted and applied to the building envelope. The ASTM guidelines define a general inspection as observation from greater than six feet and detailed inspections as a visual observation from less than six feet. Typically, the decision for a general inspection has been made because the detailed inspection is too expensive, would take too long, or a report is needed in a short amount of time.

So, we arm ourselves with a building envelope investigator's tool kit, including but not limited to: a good carry bag (I use a hiker's waist pack), a tape measure, rolling wheel, camera, notebook, several color pens, markers, duct tape, a voice recorder and, most important, personal protection equipment, including a hard hat, safety glasses and a pair of gloves.

The general inspection can be broken down into four basic steps:

Initial Walk About
Knowledge Gathering
Interior Symptoms
Exterior Signs

Initial Walk About

I like to begin with a basic tour of the structure before I really get into the details of the next three steps. I title three pages of my notebook at the top--one for the wall system, one for the roof and one for the wall system below grade. I use these pages as my initial note pages to start the documentation process and usually skip using the camera until I get into Steps 3 and 4. This step is used to get familiar with the structure so that if and when I get to see the drawings, I have a mental picture of the building.

Beginning with the wall system, I walk around the structure to get an understanding of the shape and makeup of the structure, materials used, as well as any features like balconies, cornices or ornamentation. Also, I check to see how the building is terminated at grade. I then head to the roof to see the layout--if it has a parapet, how the roof is terminated to the parapet, how the roof is accessed, and the roof system type. Finally, I head to the below grade area of the structure, looking for sump pumps, smelling for dampness and determining the foundation wall construction. Once I have made this brief walk about, I go to the building manager, property manager, business manager, etc., to start the next step: Knowledge Gathering.

Knowledge Gathering

I start this step by asking for a set of drawings. Sometimes this is a challenge. I usually let them know I am going to need thses before showing up so they can find them, organize them, unbury them, etc. It is hoped, they have drawings to review; but with older structures these may not be available. In this case, in order to access some of the history of the structure, you interview management, maintenance staff and tenants, in addition to reviewing the maintenance and project file. Also, ask for any warranties; usually you get one for the roof but also ask for manufacturer warranties for the window systems and the below-grade waterproofing system.

Being more comfortable with facades, I usually flip to sections to find details (or the lack thereof) on the wall systems. First and foremost, I try to identify the wall system as a barrier wall or a water-managed wall (see ASTM 2128 Standard Guide for Evaluating Water Leakage of Building Walls). If it's not clear or if it seems to be questionable, that jump-starts my suspicions on the design details. Next, I check out the details. If a lack of details are pulled out of the wall sections to show how to create terminations, penetrations and changes of plane for all of the particular wall system building materials, it immediately throws up a flag. Unless the project had a high level of quality field craftsmen or really good inspectors, there may be some challenges in the way field decisions were made in order to make these details work. Also, part of the drawings asked for are the shop drawings, especially for the windows if there is a curtain wall. From the window shop drawings, try to determine how the window system is managing water. A lack of wall details or the lack of shop drawings at any time makes Step 3, Interior Symptoms, more intense.

For the roof, I always look at the roofing system type and check if the construction drawings of the roofing system match the existing conditions. If they don't, has there been any modifications? Also if there has been a modification, what, if anything, has been done to the parapet wall? Because parapets are exposed to weather on three sides, there is a greater chance of them having problems, especially if the modifications did not take into consideration the ordinal design intent. Identify the number of drains and whether there is an appropriate roof slope to drain. How the through wall scuppers are detailed always should be reviewed, especially if the scupper outlet is directly at the vertical expansion joint. Last, I try to locate the system specified for the below-grade waterproofing and see if any details were made on termination, penetration and changes in plane.

Interior Symptoms

At this point if the building management has any knowledge of the interior water infiltration and/or severe cracking of interior finishes, now is the time to take the observations you gathered in Step 1 and Step2 in order to identify symptoms in the interior. A brief list of symptoms to look for is:

Staining of the interior wall surfaces and/or the wall system above the ceiling tiles (Figure 1)
Water-damaged insulation above the ceiling tiles
Stained ceiling finishes
Water-damaged window soffits, jambs and sills (Figure 2)
Water stains on the floor finishes, including rust stains from excessively wet steel stud base plates
Peeling of wallpaper
Cracking of interior finishes
Stains / dirt in operable window tracks
Water stains at the perimeter of the AC units
Mold

Document the location of these interior symptoms so that during Step 4, Exterior Signs, you can potentially see if there is a direct correlation. Specifically regarding water infiltration, water does travel; and many times, symptoms are not simply on the exterior of the building. Here is where ASTM 2128 Standard Guide of Evaluating Water Leakage of Building Walls is a tremendous resource.

Exterior Signs

Once you have gathered the information from the previous three steps, you will have a better understanding of what to focus on during the inspection of the exterior signs. The obvious big three are buldging, spalling and cracking. Other than the obvious, here is a brief list of other exterior signs to look for:

When the wall system has a cavity wall but you cannot see the flashing
Weep holes are caulked shut
Weep tubes or weep wicks were used
The roof runs up the back of the parapet wall (Figure 3)
Rust marks are present at imbedded steel locations
Railing posts are set in concrete pockets
Cracks go through the masonry and the mortar
Capstones have craze cracking
Capstones have inside and outside bed joints and the cross joints caulked shut
Spalling brick
Glazed brick shattered with effloresce stains
Cracking through EIFS lamina (Figure 4)
Post-tensioning ends with rust bleed out
A white haze on a brick cavity wall
Efflorescence from cracks in concrete or masonry
Grade is sloped toward the building
Rain water conductors cut off and run out on grade
Horizontal rust limes in mortar joints
Discolored stone or masonry
Racked windows and doors
Rotted or rusted door and window frames
Signs of condensation on glass
Excessive mortar joint popping
Smeared caulking on mortar joints
Step cracking off of steel lintels
Glued down carpets on exterior horizontal concrete surfaces
Painted and/or caulked terra cotta
Glass-to-metal glazing has turned into gum or has shrunk from the window frame
Compressed building sealant at expansion joints
Face-sealed curtain walls or window systems
Surface alligatoring of the roof membrane
Roof seam splits
Roof surface applied termination bar to a cavity wall (Figure 5)
Overall roof drainage
Incomplete expansion joints (Figure 6)

If any of these signs match up with any symptoms determined in the previous steps, there is a very good chance that the building envelopes faces some challenges. The exterior signs without interior symptoms, do not mean there is not a challenge, but it's just a matter of time. In most cases, the interior symptom will occur at some point in the life of the structure, so it is important to continue to monitor these conditions.

In most cases, the obvious building envelope problems are easy to identify. In order to identify the not-so-obvious signs, especially if the interior symptoms have not occurred or have not been identified, experience in the restoration of building envelope deficiencies is priceless. Combine this with the knowledge of architectural details, engineering basics, good waterproofing practices, as well as an inspection plan as outlined above, and the client will have the best possible information about the building envelope. This information can be used as a tool to purchase a building, create capitol projects or develop a maintenance plan.

Mark K. Howell is a recognized leader in concrete and masonry maintenance repair industry and has been involved in the investigations and restoration of many comtemporary and historic structures during the past decade. He is employed with Stuctural Preservation Systems in Baltimoore, Md., and can be reached via mhowell@structural.net

This article was printed in the Summer 2005 Issue of SWRI's Applicator magazine.

27-Dec-06 2:00 PM

Sealing Stadium Expansion Joints: A New Process Yields Watertight Results

Chamberlin Roofing & Waterproofing — Thu, 15 Jun 2006 15:00:00 GMT

By Lester Hensley, President and CEO of EMSEAL Joint Systems, Ltd.

Most stadiums leak at expansion joints. Owners cringe at the truth and spend thousands, even millions, of dollars each year to repair leaks. The rare exceptions--stadiums completed with watertight joints--are characterized by a design and build process that involves a shift in the traditional way stakeholders relate and execute their work. This process must begin early in the stages of design and planning, and continue until construction is complete.

How can stadium owners ensure that their facility will be leak free? There are several steps tht if followed throughout the project, will ensure the stadium remains dry and free of the need for expensive refurbishment.

OWNER RESPONSIBILITIES: BUDGET APPROPRIATELY

Less than half of 1% of a typical stadium construction budget is spent on expansion joints. However, a majority of post-tenancy problems with these structures relates to water ingress. Owners must be receptive to the recommendations for superior technologies presented to them by designers and be prepared to allocate additional resources to the design contract to allow proper detailing of joints and their relationships to other structural elements. By spending slightly more of the construction budget on waterproofing, stadium owners can expect, and indeed demand, trouble-free, dry and lasting joint seals.

DESIGNER RESPONSIBILITIES: DESIGN FOR JOINT SEALING TECHNOLOGIES FROM THE BEGINNING

Even the best waterproofing system is going to fail if there are holes in the membrane. Structural expansion joints represent a planned hole in the waterproofing membrane. It is wise to begin with consideration of how these major holes will be addressed and work with the membrane materials out from there.

Designing out expansion joint problems begins with consideration of the following:

ACKNOWLEDGE THE NEED FOR EXPANSION JOINTS:

Structural materials have limitations. Extreme weather conditions can cause damage over time. Cracks as a result of overstressed materials are nearly impossible to seal and can result in dangerous structural weaknesses. Properly designed expansion joints will prevent cracking, while carefully chosed sealant systems will withstand weather conditions and keep the facility dry.

CHOOSE EXPANSION JOINT LOCATION CAREFULLY:

Away from corners -- Corners are a bad place for expansion joints. Do not cast, or use the joints between precast corner units as the place for the structural expansion joints. Corners are impossible to set while creating a consistent expansion joint gap size. Furthermore, the angles created in the corner make awkward geometries for the attachement of sealant systems. Instead, cast the corners solid, or weld these precast connections and make them non-moving. Make the structural expansion joint in a single line just off the corners.

Not through planters -- Never try to waterproof structural expansion joints inside planters. If the joint runs through areas where planters are designed, detail the planters with back-to-back walls, leaving the expansion joint sealable.

Away from obvious water sources -- Keep scruppers away from joints and don't slope drainage across joints. Instead, for example, locate joints at the top of a ramp. Do not expect a deck to drain down a ramp and over, under or through the joint.

Think about interiors -- Joints cut completely through the whole structure. Therefore, think about the interior layouts in relation to expansion joints. Considered early enough, it is even possible to hide some joints between back-to-back interior walls thereby eliminating their aesthetic impact, as well as the need to bridge them. Make sure the interior subcontractors know where joints are, and the effect the joints may have on location of mechanical or plumbing fixtures. Finally, select and specify all-metal, high-point-load expansion joints capable of handling small-wheeled catering, cleaning and other traffic that typically destroys "rubber and rail" joint systems.

SELECT STRUCTURAL SUPPORTS WISELY:

Choose split columns rather than single columns with slide bearing pads. A single-column structure results in hard-to-seal conditions around the column caps that create shear conditions for which most watertight joint systems are not designed. Split columns ensure that a system's sealing integrity can be maintained.

SIZE JOINTS PROPERLY:

There are four main facets related to sizing joints properly - expected movement, functional and installation temperature range, tolerance build-up, and movement capability. Architectural teams must also take the lead for sizing in joint design. Often, the structural team will make recommendations without considering a material and its movement capability and other effects on joint design. This can be avoided if the architectural team selects a technology and takes it to the structural team with the question: "What size joint do we need if we seal the joint with THIS specific technology?" The resulting joint size calculation can then take into account the movement capability if the product or technology type to be used.

TAKE TIME TO FIND THE RIGHT TECHNOLOGY:

Limit specifications to manufacturers that continually demonstrate a commitment to joint treatment, have sound technology, the ability to ensure and guarantee watertightness in plane and direction changes, and a commitment to quality. A trend in the specialty products industry is the tendency of suppliers to commoditize products, thereby removing much of the value essential to proper performance. The ability and willingness of manufacturers to offer solutions and to fabricate watertight transitions in plane and direction, such as up and down treads and risers, remain rare differentiators.

Features in purpose-designed joint systems include integral heat-weldable, thermoplastic rubber flashing sheets for "sandwiching" into deck waterproofing materials on split-slab decks. This ensures total water-tightness over occupied space below, while heavy-duty aluminum or steel side rails and stainless steel retaining capping strips allow long-term maintenance access to the sealing insert which in turn is designed to handle cyclical movements.

THINK AND DESIGN IN 3-D:

Develop isometric, line-sketch schematics to show all the joints throughout the stadium. Include all changes in plane, direction, and intersection with other materials. This will put the design team on the same page, allowing all participants to identify and design out many problems before construction begins. Cross-reference the material selection for each joint in the schematic with a cross-section detail. In addition, show axonometric details of each transition in plane and direction, especially when illustrating transitions between different material technologies, e.g. between a concourse deck joint and a wall joint. Manufacturers publish on their Web sites most of the axonometric details needed to detail and specify watertight transitions within the same product, as well as between different technologies. This makes detailing these conditions as simple as cutting and pasting.

COMMUNICATE JOINT LOCATIONS TO ALL INVOLVED:

Make sure to show expansion joints on all drawings, including structural, architectural, mechanical and landscape. In the specifications, include a specific reference for responsibility of all trades to appropriate treatment of their work at expansion joints.

WRITE PROJECT-SPECIFIC SPECIFICATIONS:

Stadiums are not the place to use a "cookie-cutter" approach to expansion joint design. The specifications for each job must match the specific performance demands of each venue. Research available technologies, implement them into the design and write specifications that reflect the choice. Make sure to stick with the plan throughout the project to ensure technology continuity and continuity of seal.

HAVE COURAGE:

Joint systems are a tiny percentage of the stadium construction jobs. Having engaged in the aforementioned expansion joint design-emphasis process, designers should have the courage to defend proprietary specifications of superior joint system, and hold to them even under pressure for substitutions of cheaper, less-effective alternatives.

CONTRACT EXECUTION: GENERAL CONTRACTOR, OWNER RESPONSIBILITIES LIMIT WORK TO CAREFULLY SELECTED CONTRACTORS

Limiting work to a select group of contractors, often those recommended by the expansion joint system manufacturer, can be a huge factor in ensuring watertight joint seals. These contractors have been properly trained to install the chosen systems and can address substrate conditions that help ensure watertightness. Because they work closely with manufacturers, these contractors are not likely to underbid the job, keeping change-order cost increases to a minimum, and are likely to be versed in, and willing to remain committed to, a communication process involving the designer, owner representative, manufacturer and general contractor.

COMMUNICATE CLEARLY AND OFTEN:

Hold a pre-construction meeting with all parties involved in the treatment of work at and around expansion joints. This meeting should take place prior to pouring concrete that will define the expansion joints. Make sure all superintendents and forepersons with responsibility for casting activities attend the meeting to review such issues as:

Forming joint-gaps in relation to temperature changes
Ensuring solid form construction to prevent collapsed and misaligned joint forming
Proper consolidation and through vibration, of slab edges and blockouts
Zero tolerance on blockout formation
Finesse concrete work for final blockout preparation
Location, elevation and configuration of joint curbs
Execution of concrete work to handle transitions to vertical plane
Protection of joints and traffic routing until decks are opened to normal use

EMPHASIZE EXPANSION JOINTS DURING ALL CONSTRUCTION PHASES:

Continue to place expansion joints on meeting agendas throughout the construction process. Many subcontractors, including electrical, HVAC, masonry, flooring façade panel, waterproofing and caulking, work in close proximity to expansion joint locations and they must be aware their work cannot impede structural movement that will occur at expansion joints or compromise the achievement of watertightness at expansion joints in any way. As the construction progresses, the general contractor must emphasize expansion joints during each stage. Expansion joints must be considered a critical path item, rather than an added piece at the end of the project. Failure to emphasize expansion joints during construction is a significant contributor to delays, cost overruns and the reworking that characterizes preparation of joints to receive the expansion joint system.

IN CONCLUSION:

Sky boxes that won't heat or cool; damage to high-dollar corporate boxes; lost concession-vendor revenue; and icy slip hazards are among the numerous complaints stadium owners and managers have endured as a result of leaking expansion joints. Furthermore, most retrofit expansion joint contracts far exceed the cost of doing it right the first time. Yes, stadium construction is a complex process. Nevertheless, with notable new construction successes, including Phillies Ballpark and Keyspan Park, and numerous retrofit successes, including FedEx Field, Fenway Park and American Airlines Arena, have demonstrated that a new paradigm for expansion joint treatment is not only possible but also practical.

Lester Hensley is President and CEO of EMSEAL Joint Systems Ltd. Having first joined the company in 1990, Hensley is credited with using EMSEAL's base product offering as a springboard for market-driven product innovation and for securing a solid reputation among architects, engineers, contractors and distributors, as well as the company's network of independent manufacturers' representatives.

15-Jun-06 10:00 AM